Epidemiology of Traumatic Spinal Injuries in Western Nepal: A HospitalBased Study

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic spinal injury (TSI) is one of the most devastating forms of trauma, leading to profound physical disability and socioeconomic burden. Global incidence rates of TSI vary widely. Nepal’s mountainous terrain, narrow roads, and lack of protective infrastructure increase the risk for fall-related spinal trauma, yet regional data are limited. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical profile, and management of TSI patients presenting to a tertiary hospital in Western Nepal.

Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted over 12 months (April 2024–March 2025) at Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara. All patients presenting with acute TSI were included. Data on demographics, injury mechanism, anatomical level, neurological status, management, complications, and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS v20.

Results: Of 100 patients, the mean age was 48.8 ± 15.2 years. Most were middleaged males. Falls were the leading cause, followed by blunt trauma and road traffic accidents. The lumbar spine was most commonly affected. Around 90% were ASIA E grade on presentation. Fifty two percent were managed non-operatively; 48% had surgical stabilization. Mean hospital stay was six days. In-hospital complications were minimal.

Conclusion: TSI in Western Nepal predominantly affects middle-aged men, with falls as the leading cause. Thoracolumbar injuries and complete neurological deficits are common. Fall prevention, improved road safety, and better prehospital care systems are needed.